Letra e escrita na obra de Jacques Lacan / Letter and writing in the work of Jacques Lacan / La letra y la escritura en la obra de Jacques Lacan / La lettre et l'écriture dans l'œuvre de Jacques Lacan

Os autores apresentam a letra na obra do psicanalista francês Jacques Lacan como conceito que trata de uma leitura e de uma escrita do inconsciente. Para tanto, faremos uma apresentação do conceito no seminário 9 L'identification (Lacan, 1961-1962), particularmente nas lições de 6/12/1961, 13/12/1961, 20/12/1961 e 10/1/1962. Com base na relação entre traço e letra, signo e significante esperamos demonstrar uma diferença no entendimento do conceito comparativamente ao texto L'instance de la lettre, de 1957, quando letra surge pela primeira vez formalizada na obra do autor e voltada principalmente para a leitura do inconsciente

The authors focus on the notion of letter in the work of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. In other words, letter would refer to both a reading and a writing of the unconscious. Therefore, we shall present this concept as described in the Seminar 9, L'identification (Lacan, 1961-1962), particularly in the lectures on December, 6th, 13th, and 20th, 1961, and on January, 10th, 1962. Our purpose is to demonstrate a different way of understanding this concept, by starting from the relation between trace and letter, sign and signifier. As such, our way is different than the one of The instance of the letter, originally delivered in 1957, in which letter was first formalized in Lacan's work and was especially focused on the reading of the unconscious

Los autores enfocan la noción de letra en la obra del psicoanalista francés Jacques Lacan como un concepto que se refiere a una lectura y una escritura del inconsciente. Presentan este concepto, descrito en el seminario 9, L'identification (Lacan, 1961-1962), particularmente, en las lecciones de 6/12/1961, 13/12/1961, 20/12/1961 y 10/1/1962. A partir de la relación entre trazo y letra, signo y significante proponen una comprensión diferente del concepto de letra tal como fue formulado por primera vez en la obra de Lacan, en el texto de 1957 L'instance de la lettre, en el que este término se refiere principalmente a la lectura del inconsciente

Notre article s'occupera de la lettre chez le psychanalyste Jacques Lacan, comme un concept qui traite d'une lecture et d'une écriture de l'inconscient. Nous ferons une présentation du concept dans le séminaire 9, L'identification (Lacan, 1961-1962), en particulier les leçons de 6/12/1961, 13/12/1961, 20/12/1961 et 10/1/1962. À partir du rapport entre le trait et la lettre, le signe et le signifiant, on espère démontrer une différence dans la compréhension du concept vis-à-vis du texte L'instance de la lettre de 1957, où la lettre apparait pour la première fois formalisée et dirigée principalement à la lecture de l'inconscient

Analysis of stresses during the polymerization shrinkage of self-curing resin cement in indirect restorations: A finite-element study.

Background: Adhesive cementation is essential for the longevity of indirect esthetic restorations. However, polymerization shrinkage of resin cement generates stress, which may cause failures in the tooth–restoration interface. So, understanding of the biomechanics of resin cement is important for predicting the clinical behavior of an esthetic indirect restoration. Aims: To analyze the stresses generated during polymerization shrinkage of self‑curing resin cement in ceramic and in indirect resin (IR) restorations, using the finite‑element method (FEM). Settings and Design: Numerical study using the finite‑element analysis. Materials and Methods: A three‑dimensional (3D) model of a second molar restored with ceramic or IR onlay restoration was designed. The polymerization shrinkage of self‑curing resin cement was simulated in FEM software using an analogy between the thermal stress and the resulting contraction of the resin cement. The localization and values of tensile stresses in the dental structure, cement, and adhesive layer were identified. Results: The location and value of the tensile stresses were similar for the two restorative materials. High tensile stresses were identified in the axiopulpal wall and angles of the tooth preparation, with the major stresses found in the cement located in the axiopulpal wall. Conclusions: The high stresses values and their concentration in the angles of the prepared tooth emphasize the importance of round angles and the use of cements with lower rates of shrinkage.